astrophysicist · software engineer

Nicholas Earl

Ph.D. Candidate · University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

I'm a PhD candidate at the University of Illinois working with K. Decker French on tidal disruption events and nuclear variability, using probabilistic modeling and machine learning to study black hole growth in photometric survey data. Alongside my research, I build open-source tools and platforms for the astronomy community as a software engineer at the Harvard CfA. In my free time, I enjoy good craft beer and moonlighting as a game developer.

collaborations

Photo of Nicholas Earl

Research

Observational and computational work on nuclear transients, black hole physics, and galaxy evolution.

time-domain

Tidal Disruption Events

TDEs provide a rare opportunity to observe black hole accretion turn on in an otherwise quiescent galaxy. My work focuses on multi-wavelength observations of individual events, connecting their photometric and spectroscopic evolution to accretion disk geometry and black hole properties.

Tidal Disruption Events
nuclear variability

Nuclear Variability & AGN

Distinguishing TDEs from AGN in photometric surveys is genuinely difficult, and misclassification affects the science of both populations. My work connects nuclear transient behavior to host-galaxy properties, with particular attention to post-starburst galaxies, and develops classifiers for separating the two populations in survey data.

Nuclear Variability & AGN
machine learning

ML for Transient Classification

Rubin/LSST will produce far more nuclear transient alerts than can be followed up spectroscopically, requiring classification from photometric light curves alone. My work develops neural process and transformer-based models for early-time classification on irregularly sampled, multi-band data, with a particular focus on TDE identification.

ML for Transient Classification
CGM

Circumgalactic Medium

Before my PhD, I worked on the circumgalactic medium (the diffuse gas surrounding galaxies) using UV absorption spectroscopy. I developed Spectacle, a line-analysis package for absorption spectra, and used it to study how simulation resolution affects CGM kinematics, comparing simulated absorbers directly to HST/COS observations.

Selected publications

Circumgalactic Medium

All publications on ADS ↗

Software

Open-source scientific software developed for the astronomy community.

  • GPU-accelerated Bayesian fitting framework (JAX/NumPyro) for modeling double-peaked and broad-line AGN/TDE spectra via relativistic elliptical accretion disk profiles. Enables population-level inference across large samples using HMC and variational methods on GPU hardware.

    github ↗ paper ↗
  • Convolutional conditional neural process for photometric transient classification under sparse, irregular observational context, designed for Rubin/LSST alert streams. Incorporates a joint reconstruction-and-classification objective and an optional host-galaxy metadata branch.

    github ↗
  • NASA Science Activation–funded interactive data-story platform for STEM classrooms, built within the Glue-Viz ecosystem. Enables scientists to create linked-view, data-driven educational narratives without web-development expertise. Deployed across middle school, high school, and introductory college courses.

    github ↗ website ↗
  • Public repository and analysis platform for multiwavelength transient events, with a focus on TDEs, supernovae, and nuclear flares. Contributed database and website infrastructure, and catalog integration tools.

    github ↗ paper ↗
  • Core contributor to the Astropy project, including spectroscopic and JWST-oriented infrastructure. Supporting community-wide standards for astronomical data analysis, interoperability, and reproducibility.

    github ↗ paper ↗ website ↗
  • Core spectral analysis library in the Astropy ecosystem. Led development of the primary infrastructure, spectral arithmetic, and calibration routines for 1D spectroscopic data. Widely used across the astronomical community for HST, JWST, and ground-based spectroscopy.

    github ↗ docs ↗
  • Next-generation visualization and analysis tools for the Astropy ecosystem, including SpecViz (1D spectra), CubeViz (IFU data cubes), and MOSViz (multi-object spectroscopy). Designed for JWST data products and released as part of the official STScI analysis suite.

    github ↗ docs ↗ paper ↗
  • Automated kinematic line-analysis package for synthetic and observed UV absorption spectra. Used to fit complex multi-component absorption profiles and quantify resolution-dependent CGM kinematics in hydrodynamic simulations, with direct comparison to HST/COS observations.

    github ↗
  • Analytical engine and collaborative web application for JWST exposure time calculation. Led development sprints, shipped collaborative analysis features for the initial call-for-proposals release, and coordinated MIRI reference files and validation workflows.

    website ↗ paper ↗

All projects on GitHub ↗